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What is the Colon?
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Summary: The colon, also known as the large intestine is a storage tube for solid wastes, also known as feces. It regulates the water and salt content of the fecal material.
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Colon
The colon is approximately 4-5 feet in length. It consists of the ascending colon, transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon which is the last part of the colon before the rectum.
The colon is mainly responsible for storing waste, reclaiming water, maintaining the water balance, and absorbing some vitamins, such as vitamin K. The colon is where the consistency of the fecal material is determined. If too much water is removed, constipation can occur and if not enough is removed, diarrhea can occur.
Once food has reached the colon, almost all nutrients and 90% of the water have been absorbed by the body. At this point some electrolytes like sodium, magnesium, and chloride are left as well as indigestible carbohydrates known as dietary fiber.
As the food moves through the large intestine, most of the remaining water is removed, while the food is mixed with mucus and bacteria known as gut flora (probiotics), and becomes feces. The bacteria break down some of the fiber for their own nourishment and create acetate, propionate, and butyrate as waste products, which in turn are used by the cell lining of the colon for nourishment.
This is an example of a symbiotic relationship and provides about one hundred calories a day to the body. The colon produces no digestive enzymes â€" chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before it reaches the large intestine. The pH in the colon varies between 5.5 and 7 (slightly acidic to neutral).
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